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x₀
∫ cos²
A function of the first coordinate integrates over the unit cube as a one-dimensional integral over (0,1).
(0,1)
∫_0^1 cos²(2π n s + φ) ds = 1/2.
∫_0^1 cos²(2π n s + φ) ds = 1/2
∫_{cube} (A cos(2π n x₀ + φ))² = A²/2.
∫_{cube} (A cos(2π n x₀ + φ))² = A²/2